Njengomboniso wempahla eyimfuneko kunye nemveliso yokuthengisa kuluntu lwanamhlanje, iimveliso zokubonisa iphepha zinembali ende.Namhlanje, ndiza kwazisa ngembali yophuhliso yeemveliso zokupakisha zephepha.
Enyanisweni, abantu baye benza iphepha kangangeminyaka engama-2 000.Ukongezelela ekubeni ngumthwali obalulekileyo wokudlulisa ulwazi, iphepha nalo linomsebenzi obalaseleyo, oko kukuthi, ukupakisha.
Ukupakishwa kwemveliso yephepha yimveliso yemathiriyeli yokupakisha enephepha kunye ne-pulp njengeyona nto iphambili ekrwada.Uluhlu lwemveliso lubandakanya izitya zephepha ezifana neebhokisi, iibhokisi, izikhwama zephepha, iityhubhu zephepha, kunye neengqayi zephepha;iitreyi zeqanda ezibunjiweyo zepulp, iiplanga zokupakisha zemizi-mveliso, iitreyi zephepha, izikhuseli zeekona zePhepha kunye nezinye izinto zokupakisha zephepha okanye izinto zokupakisha zangaphakathi: iikhadibhodi, iikhadibhodi yobusi kunye nezinye iibhodi;kunye neebhokisi zesidlo sasemini zephepha, iikomityi zephepha, iipleyiti zephepha kunye nezinye izixhobo zetafile ezilahlwayo.Njengoko izinto ezisisiseko zeemveliso zephepha, iphepha kunye nekhadibhodi ezisetyenziselwa ukupakisha ngokukodwa zikwayinxalenye yodidi lokupakishwa kwemveliso yephepha.
Ukwenziwa kwamaphepha kwaqala kwiNtshona yeHan Dynasty, ngokutsho kuka “Hanshu."I-Biography ye-Empress Zhao yaseXiaocheng" irekhoda ukuba "kukho iqhekeza leyeza elisongelwe kwibhaskithi kunye nencwadi ebhalwe nguHe hoof".Inqaku lika-Ying Shao lithe: “Impuphu zikwabhityile kwaye zinephepha elincinci”.Le yingxelo yokuqala ebhaliweyo yephepha kwi-Western Han Dynasty.Ekubeni iphepha kwi-Western Han Dynasty lalinqabile kwaye libiza kakhulu ukusetyenziswa ngelo xesha, iziliphu zesilika ze-bamboo zazisezona zixhobo zokubhala ngelo xesha, ngoko ke kuyacaca ukuba iphepha ngelo xesha lalingenakusetyenziswa ngobuninzi. izinto zokupakisha.Kwada kwaba ngunyaka wokuqala weYuanxing kwi-Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 105) apho uShangfang wayalela uCai Lun ukuba enze "iphepha leCaihou" elixabiso eliphantsi ngokwesiseko sokushwankathela amava abanduleli, kunye nephepha njengenyathelo elitsha lokupakisha. kwinqanaba lembali.Emva koko, emva kokubonakala kokushicilelwa kweplanga kwi-Tang Dynasty, iphepha laphuhliswa ngakumbi njengokupakishwa, kwaye izibhengezo ezilula, iipateni kunye neempawu zaqala ukuprintwa kwiphepha lokupakisha lempahla.Iibhokisi eziqhelekileyo kuluntu lwanamhlanje zavela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19.I-United States, iBritane, iFransi kunye namanye amazwe sele eqalisile ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yokuvelisa iibhokisi.Kwakungekho malunga ne-1850 apho umntu wase-United States wenza iibhokisi ezisongayo kunye neteknoloji yokuvelisa., eyenza ngokwenene iphepha into ebalulekileyo ekrwada kwishishini lokupakisha.
Ngophuhliso lwamaxesha kunye noluntu, imfuno yephepha njengento yokupakisha iyanda.Ngokwezibalo zemveliso yephepha lehlabathi ephumayo ngo-2000, iphepha lokupakisha kunye nekhadibhodi zibalelwa kwi-57.2% yeemveliso zephepha zizonke.Ngokutsho kwezibalo ze-China Paper Association, ngo-2000, 2001 kunye no-2002, ukusetyenziswa kwephepha lokupakisha kunye nekhadibhodi kwilizwe lam kubalelwa kwi-56.9%, 57.6% kunye ne-56% yeemveliso zephepha zizonke, ngokulandelelanayo, efana neyonke. indlela yehlabathi.Le datha ingentla ibonisa ukuba phantse i-60% yemveliso yamaphepha yonyaka isetyenziswa njengokupakisha.Ke ngoko, olona setyenziso lukhulu lwephepha alusekho umthwali wolwazi ngokwendlela yemveli, kodwa njengempahla yokupakisha.
Ukupakishwa kwemveliso yephepha yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokupakisha, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekupakishweni kokutya, amayeza, ishishini lemichiza, izixhobo zokwakha, izixhobo zasekhaya, iithoyi, i-electromechanical, iimveliso ze-IT, iingubo, i-ceramics, imisebenzi yezandla, intengiso, ishishini lomkhosi kunye neninzi. ezinye iimveliso.babambe indawo ebalulekileyo kwi
Kwinkulungwane yama-21, iphepha liye laba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwishishini lokupakisha.Phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha ezisetyenziswa kwihlabathi jikelele, iphepha kunye nebhodi lephepha libalelwa elona nqanaba liphezulu, libalelwa kwi-35.6% yexabiso lilonke lemveliso.Kwilizwe lam, njengemathiriyeli ekrwada ebalulekileyo kwishishini lokupakisha, ngaphambi kowe-1995, izinto zokupakisha imveliso yephepha yayiyeyesibini ngobukhulu izinto zokupakisha emva kokupakishwa kweplastiki.Ukusukela ngo-1995, ixabiso lemveliso yokupakishwa kwemveliso yephepha liye landa ngokuthe ngcembe, lagqitha iplastiki, kwaye yaba yeyona nto inkulu yokupakisha kwilizwe lam.Ngo-2004, ukusetyenziswa kwephepha lokupakisha kwilizwe lam kwafikelela kwi-13.2 yezigidi zeetoni, kubalwa i-50.6% yesiphumo esipheleleyo, esidlula isixa seglasi, isinyithi kunye neplastiki yokupakisha izinto.
Isizathu sokuba izinto zokupakisha zemveliso yephepha zemveli ziphinde zafumana isantya sophuhliso olukhawulezayo kwiminyaka embalwa kwaye ibe yeyona nto inkulu yokupakisha ngokuyinxenye kungenxa yokuguquguquka okugqwesileyo kweemveliso zokupakishwa kwephepha ngokwazo, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, imiba yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.Ngenxa yokuthintelwa kweemveliso zeplastiki kunye nokutsalwa kweemarike zabathengi kwiimveliso ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, izinto zephepha zizinto ezihlangabezana kakuhle neemfuno "zokupakisha eluhlaza".
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-01-2023